Modern developments in
treating diabetes
·1940 Link is made between diabetes and long-term complications (kidney and eye disease).
·1959 Two major types of diabetes are recognized: type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes and type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes.
· 1944 Standard insulin syringe is developed, helping to make diabetes management more uniform.
·1960s The purity of insulin is improved. Home testing for sugar levels in urine increases level of control for people with diabetes.
· In 1955 the Nobel Prize-winner Frederick Sanger found the amino acid sequence of human insulin.
This allowed a human
insulin gene to be made which was then used to genetically engineer
bacteria that could produce large amounts of highly pure human insulin.
This is marketed as Humulin in 1983.
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·1986
Insulin pen delivery system is introduced.
·1993 Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) report is published. The DCCT results clearly demonstrate that intensive therapy (more frequent doses and self-adjustment according to individual activity and eating patterns) delays the onset and progression of long-term complications in individuals with type 1 diabetes.
